What distinguishes attempt from conspiracy?

The distinction between attempt and conspiracy in criminal law is significant and revolves around the actions and intentions of the individuals involved. Attempt is characterized by the requirement of taking a "substantial step" towards the commission of a crime, which goes beyond mere preparation or planning. This means that the individual must engage in conduct that demonstrates a clear intent to commit the crime, showing that they have moved from planning the crime to taking significant actions that indicate they are on the verge of completing the criminal act.

In contrast, conspiracy involves an agreement between two or more individuals to commit a criminal act, and it doesn’t require that any substantial step towards the commission of the crime has been taken. The mere agreement itself, along with the intent to commit the crime, is sufficient for conspiracy charges. This is why attempt and conspiracy can often be considered complementary but distinct concepts in criminal law. Attempt requires actions that confirm the commitment to the crime, while conspiracy primarily revolves around the agreement and intent to commit the crime.