What does 'knowledge' refer to in the context of criminal mental states?

In the context of criminal mental states, 'knowledge' refers to the awareness that one's conduct will likely result in a certain consequence. This mental state implies that the individual is cognizant of the potential outcomes of their actions and acts with the understanding that those outcomes are a likely result of their behavior. For instance, if someone knowingly engages in conduct that they are aware could lead to harm or illegal consequences, they possess the requisite 'knowledge' regarding their actions.

This understanding is critical in criminal law because it determines the culpability of the individual. By demonstrating knowledge, the prosecution can argue that the individual had the capacity to understand the nature of their actions and the risks involved.

The other options do not accurately capture the definition of 'knowledge.' For example, doing an act without realizing its implications suggests a lack of awareness, which does not align with the concept of knowledge. A desire to commit a crime reflects intent rather than knowledge, while ignoring the rules is more about disregard rather than understanding the consequences of one’s actions. Hence, the correct characterization of knowledge is that it entails an awareness of the likely results of one's conduct.